CDROM/AJ/V106/P1639 Speckle Observations of Binary Stars (McAlister+ 1993) ================================================================================ ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. X. A Further Survey for Duplicity Among the Bright Stars Harold A. McAlister, Brian D. Mason, William I. Hartkopf, & Michael M. Shara <1993, AJ, 106, 1639> =1993AJ....106.1639M ================================================================================ Abstract: Speckle interferometric observations from the Canada-France-Hawaii 3.6 m and Cerro Tololo 4 m telescopes are reported for 1123 stars selected from the Yale Bright Star Catalogue in a continuing effort to detect new binaries among the bright stars. Thirty-two previously unresolved binaries have been detected, including companions to Xi UMa and 15 S Mon. Measures of 107 previously resolved systems, many of which resulted from earlier speckle observations, are also presented. No evidence of duplicity within a specific (m,Delta(m),rho) window of detectability was found for 984 bright stars. These observations combined with two previously published surveys represent the inspection of 2088 stars, representing 23% of the members of the Bright Star Catalogue. Many of the systems discovered earlier have shown significant orbital motions, and we present preliminary orbital elements for six binaries. Eighteen other stars previously announced as bright binaries have not been confirmed following numerous attempts to do so, and we show that their apparently spurious nature is likely due to the domination of the speckle transfer function by moderate telescope aberrations under conditions of superb seeing encountered at the CFHT in 1985. After deletion of these spurious systems, this effort has resulted in the discovery of 75 new, bright binaries. We consider some aspects of the duplicity frequencies among the diverse spectral and luminosity classes represented in this sample. We anticipate that the completion of a speckle survey of the Bright Star Catalogue would lead to the discovery of at least 200 additional binary systems with angular separations mostly below 0.20". Many of these will have periods of the order of one decade and will be accessible to complementary radial velocity programs of enhanced precision. File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- File Name Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- table1.dat 72 44 Measurements of new binaries table2.dat 75 116 Measurements of known binaries table3.dat 84 117 Negative results from CFHT table4.dat 72 48 Negative results from CTIO table5.dat 48 18 Unresolved speckle binaries table6.dat 80 18 Apparently spurious binaries table7.dat 68 236 Observational history of new bright star binaries table8.dat 55 6 Preliminary orbital elements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Comments for file: table1.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 1 contains the results of two new sets of observational data obtained at the Canada-France Hawaii 3.6 m and Cerro Tololo 4 m telescopes. Twenty-four new binaries were discovered from the CFHT observations and 8 new binaries from the CTIO data. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-10 A10 --- WDS *Washington Double Star Catalogue designator 11-13 3X --- --- Blank 14-18 A5 --- HR Harvard Revised (HR) number 19-20 2X --- --- Blank 21-25 A5 --- CHARA Newly assigned CHARA discovery number 26-28 3X --- --- Blank 29-32 F4.2 mag V *Visual magnitude from the BSC 33 A1 --- n_V *[HR ] Visual magnitude code 34-35 2X --- --- Blank 36-43 A8 --- Sp MK spectral type from BSC 44-45 2X --- --- Blank 46-47 I2 --- N *Number of components, N, from the BSC 48-49 2X --- --- Blank 50-58 F9.4 yr Epoch Epoch of obs. as fraction of Besselian year 59-65 F7.1 deg Theta Position angle, theta, of new measurement 66-72 F7.3 arcsec Rho Angular separation, rho, of new measurement -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes for file: table1.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WDS: Epoch 2000.0 coordinates used as designator in the Washington Double Star Catalogue maintained by Charles Worley at the U. S. Naval Observatory (hhmmmSddmm). If this field is blank, the epoch, position angle and angular separation fields (bytes 50-72 inclusive) are continuations from the previous record. V: Visual magnitude from the Bright Star Catalogue (BSC; Hoffleit, D. 1982, Yale University Observatory, New Haven) n_V: Visual magnitude code: ' ' = V on UBV (Johnson) system 'R' = HR magnitudes reduced to the UBV system 'H' = original HR magnitude N: Number of components, N, from the BSC and incremented to reflect the new companions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Comments for file: table2.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 2 contains the measurements of 108 previously known binaries obtained during the course of the survey observations. All but three of the measurements are from the CFHT run. The binary system A 676 BC (WDS 11047_0413) is not listed in the BSC and was observed solely for spatial calibration purposes. Many additional stars from Table 2 were also used to tie the CFHT observations to the Kitt Peak calibration, as mentioned in section 2 of the printed paper. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-10 A10 --- WDS Washington Double Star Catalogue designator 11-12 2X --- --- Blank 13-17 A5 --- HR *Harvard Revised (HR) number 18 1X --- --- Blank 19-30 A12 --- Disc Discoverer 31-32 2X --- --- Blank 33-36 F4.2 mag V Visual magnitude from the BSC 37 A1 --- n_V *Visual magnitude code 38-39 2X --- --- Blank 40-47 A8 --- Sp MK spectral type from BSC 48 1X --- --- Blank 49-50 I2 --- N Number of components, N, from the BSC 51-52 2X --- --- Blank 53-61 F9.4 yr Epoch []? Epoch of obs., fraction of Besselian year 62-68 F7.1 deg Theta []? Position angle, theta, of new measurement 69-75 F7.3 arcsec Rho []? Angular sep., rho, of new measurement -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes for file: table2.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HR: Harvard Revised (HR) number, if this field, or the WDS designation field, is blank, the remainder of the fields are continuations of the previous record. n_V: Visual magnitude code: ' ' = V on UBV (Johnson) system 'R' = HR magnitudes reduced to the UBV system 'H' = original HR magnitude -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Comments for file: table3.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 3 contains a list by HR number of the stars for which no evidence of duplicity was found for 698 stars observed from the CFHT. The footnotes give references to previous speckle observations which failed to show companions. In several cases, the B components were also observed for duplicity even though they are not sufficiently bright to have earned BSC status themselves. On some instances, the authors indicate that the A component was found to be single whereas additional components are listed under Table 1 or 2. For example, HR 3960 A was found to be single and is listed in Table 3, but a new companion to HR 3960 B was discovered and hence is listed in Table 1. The table is formatted as several repeating columns containing the HR numbers of stars with negative results and the footnotes. The columns are read in increasing order of HR number left to right across each row. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 5 A5 --- HR1 HR number from the BSC 6 1X --- --- Blank 7-14 A8 --- n_HR1 *Footnotes in parentheses, separated by comma 15-19 A5 --- HR2 HR number 20 1X --- --- Blank 21-28 A8 --- n_HR2 *Footnotes 29-33 A5 --- HR3 HR number 34 1X --- --- Blank 35-42 A8 --- n_HR3 *Footnotes 43-47 A5 --- HR4 HR number 48 1X --- --- Blank 49-56 A8 --- n_HR4 *Footnotes 57-61 A5 --- HR5 HR number 62 1X --- --- Blank 63-70 A8 --- n_HR5 *Footnotes 71-75 A5 --- HR6 HR number 76 1X --- --- Blank 77-84 A8 --- n_HR6 *Footnotes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes for file: table3.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- n_HR1, n_HR2, n_HR3, n_HR4, n_HR5, n_HR6: Footnotes: Also found to be single in: (1) McAlister (1978, PASP, 90, 288) (2) McAlister & Hendry (1981, PASP, 93, 221) (3) Hartkopf & McAlister (1984, PASP, 96, 105) (4) McAlister et al. (1987a, AJ, 92, 183) (BSS1) (5) Lu et al. (1987, AJ, 94, 1318) (6) McAlister et al. (1989, AJ, 97, 510) (BSS2) (7) Mason et al. (1993, AJ, 106, 637) (8) Table 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Comments for file: table4.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 4 contains a list by HR number of the stars for which no evidence of duplicity was found for 286 stars observed from the CTIO 4 m telescope. The footnotes give references to previous speckle observations which failed to show companions. The table is formatted as several repeating columns containing the HR numbers of stars with negative results and the footnotes. The columns are read in increasing order of HR number left to right across each row. See the example below. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 5 A5 --- HR1 HR number from the BSC 6 1X --- --- Blank 7-12 A6 --- n_HR1 *Footnotes enclosed in parentheses 13-17 A5 --- HR2 HR number 18 1X --- --- Blank 19-24 A6 --- n_HR2 *Footnotes 25-29 A5 --- HR3 HR number 30 1X --- --- Blank 31-36 A6 --- n_HR3 *Footnotes 37-41 A5 --- HR4 HR number 42 1X --- --- Blank 43-48 A6 --- n_HR4 *Footnotes 49-53 A5 --- HR5 HR number 54 1X --- --- Blank 55-60 A6 --- n_HR5 *Footnotes 61-65 A5 --- HR6 HR number 66 1X --- --- Blank 67-72 A6 --- n_HR6 *Footnotes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes for file: table4.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- n_HR1, n_HR2, n_HR3, n_HR4, n_HR5, n_HR6: Footnotes: Also found to be single in: (1) Hartkopf & McAlister (1984, PASP, 96, 105) (2) McAlister et al. (1987a, AJ, 92, 183) (BSS1) (3) Table 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Comments for file: table5.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 5 contains a summary of stars that the authors were unable to detect companions for but have been reported as doubles by speckle observers. Fourteen of the systems were first reported as new binaries by the authors. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 5 A5 --- HR HR number from the BSC 6 1X --- --- Blank 7-18 A12 --- Name Name 19-21 I3 --- r_Name *Reference number 22-25 I4 --- n_Meas Number of measurements 26-29 I4 --- n_Neg Number of negative measurements 30-32 3X --- --- Blank 33-48 A16 --- Comment Comments -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes for file: table5.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- r_Name: Reference numbers: 1) McAlister & Hartkopf (1988, Second Catalog of Interferometric Measurements of Binary Stars, CHARA Contribution No. 2, Georgia State University) 2) Weigelt & Wirnitzer (1983, Opt. Lett., 8, 389) 3) McAlister et al. (1992, AJ, 104, 810) 4) Isobe et al. (1990, Publ. Natl. Astron. Obs. Japan 1, 217) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Comments for file: table6.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 6 contains a list of binaries that have not been confirmed by followup observations. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-10 A10 --- WDS Washington Double Star Catalogue designator 11-13 3X --- --- Blank 14-18 A5 --- HR HR number from the BSC 19-20 2X --- --- Blank 21-23 A3 --- CHARA CHARA number 24-28 5X --- --- Blank 29-37 F9.4 yr Depoch "Discovery" epoch 38-41 4X --- --- Blank 42-46 F5.1 deg Theta Position angle, theta 47-49 3X --- --- Blank 50-54 F5.3 arcsec Rho Angular separation, rho 55-58 4X --- --- Blank 59-60 I2 --- n_Conf Number of attempted confirmations 61-62 2X --- --- ' (' 63-69 F7.2 yr Conf_min Duration of confirmation attempts, minimum 70-72 3X --- --- ' - ' 73-79 F7.2 yr Conf_max Duration of confirmation attempts, maximum 80 1X --- --- ')' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Comments for file: table7.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- After removing the 18 stars in Table 6 from the 52 new binaries in BSS1 [McAlister, et al. 1987a, AJ, 92, 183] and adding the 9 new binaries from BSS2 [McAlister, et al. 1989, AJ, 97, 510], there remains a sample of 43 new binaries from among the 965 stars inspected in BSS1 and BSS2. The current status of the observational history of those systems is summarized in Table 7. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-10 A10 --- WDS *Washington Double Star Catalogue designator 11-12 2X --- --- Blank 13-17 A5 --- HR HR number from the BSC 18-19 2X --- --- Blank 20-24 A5 --- CHARA CHARA number 25-26 2X --- --- Blank 27-30 F4.2 mag V Visual magnitude from the BSC 31 A1 --- n_V *Visual magnitude code 32-33 2X --- --- Blank 34-41 A8 --- Sp MK spectral type from BSC 42 1X --- --- Blank 43-51 F9.4 yr Epoch Epoch of obs. as fraction of Besselian year 52-58 F7.1 deg Theta Position angle, theta, of new measurement 59-65 F7.3 arcsec Rho Angular separation, rho, of new measurement 66-68 I3 --- Ref *Reference number -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes for file: table7.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WDS: Epoch 2000.0 coordinates used as designator in the Washington Double Star Catalogue maintained by Charles Worley at the U. S. Naval Observatory (hhmmmSddmm). If this field is blank, the epoch, theta, rho, and reference fields (bytes 43-68) are continuations of the previous record. n_V: Visual magnitude code: ' ' = V on UBV (Johnson) system 'R' = HR magnitudes reduced to the UBV system 'H' = original HR magnitude Ref: References numbers: 1) McAlister & Hartkopf (1988, Second Catalog of Interferometric Measurements of Binary Stars, CHARA Contribution No. 2, Georgia State University 2) McAlister et al. (1990, AJ, 99, 965) 3) McAlister et al. (1992, AJ, 104, 810) 4) Repeated from Table 2 5) New measurement -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes for file: table8.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 8 contains orbital elements for 6 of the new binaries that have shown sufficient orbital motion to warrant preliminary determinations. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 5 A5 --- HR HR number from the BSC 6-11 F6.2 yr P Period, P 12-18 F7.3 arcsec A Semi-major axis, a 19-25 F7.1 deg I Inclination, i 26-32 F7.1 deg LAN Longitude of ascending node, Omega 33-41 F9.2 yr T Epoch, T 42-48 F7.3 E Eccentricity, e 49-55 F7.1 deg LP Longitude of periastron, omega -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ================================================================================ (End) Lee Brotzman [ADS] 20-Mar-1995